Type Of Operating System

1. Batch Operating System

Batch operating is a technique in which an Operating System collects the programs and data together in a batch before processing starts. An operating system does the following activities related to batch operating−

• Firstly user prepares the job using punch cards.
• Then, he submit the jobs to the computer operator.
• Operator collects the jobs from different users and sort the jobs into batches with their similar needs.
• Then, operator submit the batches to the processor one-by-one.
• All the jobs of one batch are executed together.

Batch OS

Advantage of Batch Operating System:-

• In batch operating, job execute one after another, saving time from activities like loading and unloading the compiler.

Disadvantage of Batch Operating System:-

• Priority can not be set for the jobs-

All the jobs of a batch are executed sequentially one after the other. Thus, priority can't be implemented if a certain job has to be executed o the job on an urgent basis.

• CPU may remain idle for a long time-

If the job of a batch require some input/output operation, then CPU have to wait till the input/output operation gets completed. Since input/output devices are very slow, CPU remain idle for along time.

• Lack of interaction between user and his job-

The batch operating system are not design for the purpose that the user can interact with any of his job.So, the user are not able to interact with job.

2.Spooling (Simultaneous Peripheral Operation On-Line)

Spooling is a process in which data is temporarily held to be used and executed by a device, program or the system. Data is sent to and stored in memory or other volatile storage until the program or computer requests it for execution.

"Spool" is technically an acronym for simultaneous peripheral operations online.

An operating system does the following activities-

• Handles I/O device data spooling as devices have different data access rates.
• Maintains the spooling buffer which provides a waiting station where data can rest while the slower device catches up.
• Input and output devices are relatively very slow compared to CPU(digital device),this OS saved much time from input/output.
• Maintains parallel computation because of spooling process as a computer can perform I/O in parallel fashion. It becomes possible to have the computer read data from a tape, write data to disk and to write out to a tape printer while it is doing its computing task.

Spooling

Advantages of Spooling:-

• The spooling operation uses a disk in which data is stored first and then the CPU interact with main memory for fetching the data.
• Spooling is capable of overlapping input/output operation for one job with CPU operation of other jobs.
• In this OS CPU utilization is more as CPU is busy most of the time.

Disadvantage of Spooling:-

• The main disadvantage of Spooling is that it is very difficult to debug.

• Due to lack of protection scheme,one batch job can affect the pending jobs

• In starting, spooling was uni-programming. UNI-programming is a term used for those computers which can have only a single task/job in the main memory at the time. Any job/task which has to be executed/run by the CPU must be present in the main memory and if a computer can have only a single task in the main memory at a time then it is known as UNI-Programming.