Computer System And Its Overview

Computer System And Its Overview 

Computer-

In general terms, a computer is a group of electronic devices used to process data.
The word computer is derived from a Latin word "computare" which mean to calculate or to count or to sum up. So, the word computer mean "A device that performs calculation or computation.

Definition of Computer-

A computer is a group of electronic devices used to receive input, stores or process the data as per users instruction and provides us the output in desired format.

Step 1- Takes data as input.

Step 2- Stores data in the memory.

Step 3- Process the given data.

Step 4- Generates the output.

Example:-Mother's order of purchasing biscuits and sweets is Input.

                Going to the market and purchasing is Process.

                Purchased biscuits and sweets, the result is Output

A computer can be thought of a combination of Hardware and Software, which mainly converts the given data into information.

Hardware- The physical parts which we can touch and see are called hardware.

Example- Monitor, Printer, Keyboard, Mouse, etc.

Software- Software refers to the instruction or also program that tells the hardware what to do. Without the software the computer will not works.

Data- The unprocessed figures and raw facts are the data e.g., some marks (80.4%), a name (Faisu), an year (2019) etc. are data.

Information- Information refers to the processed data that is meaningful e.g., above data can be converted into information as "Faisu, who passed in 2019, scored 80.4% marks."

Functional Components Of a Computer-

A computer has mainly four functions:

1. Takes data as input.
2. Stores data in the memory.
3. Process the given data.
4. Generates the output.

The basic structure of a computer comprises of a unit to perform each of the above functions. The diagram if shown below-

The first step is performer by input unit, second step is performed by its central processing unit and the third stage is performed by the output. And these things are done with the helps of memory. Memory is the brain of computer which holds the data during processing.

Characteristics Of Computer-

1. High Speed- Computer is a very fast device . It is capable for performing operation and as well as calculation of very large amount of data. It can perform millions of calculation in few minutes.
2. Accuracy- Computers are very accurate. It perform all its work 100% accuracy.
3. Storage Capability- Memory is very important characteristic of computer. It can store large amount of data and any type of data. Such as images, files,data,videos, audios etc.
4. Diligence- Unlike human being's, a computer is free from monotony, tiredness and lack of concentration. It can work continuously without any error and with the same speed and accuracy.
5. Multi-Tasking- Multi-Tasking is one of the major advantage of computers. It can perform multi task, multiple operation, calculate numericals problem with in few seconds. It ca perform trillions of instruction per second.
6. Data Security- Computers protect our digital data is know as Data security. It provides security from distructive forces and from unwanted actions from unauthorized users.    

Disadvantages Of Computer-

1. No IQ- A Computer is a machine that has no intelligence to perform any Task.Each and every instruction has to be given to the computer.
2. Dependency- It functions as per the user's instruction. Thus it fully dependent on human.
3. No Feelings- Computers have no feeling or emotions. It can't take judgement based on feeling,taste,experience and knowledge unlike humans.

Application Of Computer In Various Fields-

1. Business- Computer is used in business organisation for various purpose such as-

• Payroll Calculation
• Maintenance of stocks
• Managing employee database
• Budgeting
• Sells and analysis

2. Computer at Home- Day by day more and more homes are going for personal computers. Computers are used for education and entertainment at homes. At homes computer are used for writing letters, listening to music, playing games, chatting, surfing net, e-mail etc. In facts, anything that you can dream of must be having a small or big role of computer for it.

3. Education System- The computer helps in providing a lot of facilities in the education system:-

• The computer provides a tool in the education system known as C.B.E (computer Based Education) for the purpose of teaching new generation students.
• It is used to prepare a database about the performance of a student and analysis is carried out on these basis.

4. Banking Purpose- Nowadays  banking is almost totally dependent on computers. Banks provides the following facilities:-

• Online accounting facility.
• ATM machine, which is a simple computer.

5. Insurance Company- Insurance company are keeping all the records up-to-date with the help of computers. Insurance companies maintain a database of all clients with information showing the following things-

• Procedure to continue with policies
• Starting of the particular policies
• Next date of payment
• Interest due.
• Bonus
• Maturity date

6. Engineering Design- Computer are widely used for engineering purpose. One of the major area is CAD (Computer Aided Design) that usually provides creation modification images.

7. Medicine and Helpcare- In the fields of medicine, computer are used for diagnosing illness, monitoring patients, curing ailments, surgery etc. For example pacemaker is a little computer, which is fixed inside patients having heart problems. Similarly, computer can be used to control small cameras which can take pictures inside the body and help doctors make diagnoses.

8. Government- Computer play an important role in government services. Some are follows:-

• Income tax department
• Sales tax department
• Computerization of Voters list
• Computerization of Pan Card
• Calculation of male-female ration
• Weather forecasting